4 minutes
Case Study #4: Cold Outbound Automation (Clay → Smartlead via n8n)

Client Snapshot
Industry: Visitor attribution SaaS (identifies up to 70% of U.S. website visitors)
Key Contact: Stephen, Founder
Targets: Marketing and revenue leaders (Demand Gen, Growth, RevOps, CMOs)
Key Results
- End‑to‑end Clay → Smartlead pipeline automated with self‑hosted n8n
- AI‑driven persona templates personalized by industry, company size, title, and role
- Up to 1,000 emails/day with safe sending and governance
- Reply rate lifted to 2%
- Supabase used for clean data storage, suppressions, and logs
The Challenge
The team could enrich prospects in Clay and had Smartlead ready to send, but they lacked:
- A reliable way to sync “ready” records into the right Smartlead campaigns at scale
- Cleanliness and governance (dedupes, suppressions for customers/competitors, opt‑outs)
- On‑message personalization across industries and roles without breaking deliverability
- A feedback loop to classify replies and route positives quickly
Manual CSV shuffling and inconsistent fields slowed launch and risked sender reputation.
The Goal
Ship a scalable cold outbound engine that:
- Automatically syncs qualified records from Clay to the correct Smartlead campaigns
- Personalizes copy by industry, company size, title, and role with AI‑assisted templates
- Protects deliverability with inbox rotation, daily caps, and domain hygiene
- Classifies replies and routes positives to book meetings fast
- Provides clear logs and controls without adding a heavy CRM
Solution at a Glance
An n8n‑orchestrated pipeline that turns Clay tables into live, personalized Smartlead campaigns—with data governance and a closed‑loop on replies.
System Architecture:
Clay → n8n Orchestrator → Smartlead Campaigns → Reply Webhooks → n8n Router → Email/Slack Alerts + Supabase Logs
Inputs: Clay table/webhook with enriched, validated prospects
Orchestration: n8n maps fields, dedupes, applies suppressions, and assigns campaigns
Sending: Smartlead across rotating inboxes with daily caps and ramp schedules
Storage/Logs: Supabase for lead status, suppressions, and run history
Outputs: Replies classified; positives routed; OOOs rescheduled; bounces suppressed
Lightning‑Fast Process
- Prototype
- Mapped Clay fields to Smartlead custom fields and campaigns
- Staged safe personalization rules and fallbacks (fail‑closed)
- Iterate
- A/B tested subject lines, first lines, and CTAs by persona and industry
- Tuned send windows, inbox rotation, and daily caps
- Standardize & Ship
- Added reply classification and positive‑reply routing
- Implemented logging, alerts, and a simple tuning playbook
What It Does
Clay Intake
- Pulls “Ready” rows (valid email, persona tags, industry, company size)
- Normalizes fields and verifies status before syncing
Data Hygiene
- Dedupes by email and domain
- Global suppressions for customers/partners/competitors and past unsubscribers
- Optional catch‑all filtering based on risk tolerance
Personalization
- AI‑assisted templates tailored by industry, company size, title/role
- First‑line and proof‑point snippets derived from Clay context
- Fallbacks if key fields are missing (never send half‑baked personalization)
Campaigning
- Assigns to Smartlead campaign by persona/segment
- Respects per‑mailbox daily caps, ramp plan, and time‑zone windows
- Inbox rotation and staggered sends to protect reputation
Replies and Routing
- Smartlead webhook → n8n classifier (positive/neutral/negative/OOO/bounce)
- Positive → instant alert with booking link and owner assignment
- OOO → reschedule on return date; bounce → suppress and log
Observability
- Supabase log of every record, campaign, send status, and next action
- Daily digest + error alerts via email/Slack
Email Optimization Highlights
Persona System
- AI‑generated variants by industry (e.g., SaaS, eCommerce, B2B services) and role (Demand Gen, RevOps, CMO)
- Value props framed to the product’s core proof (attribution on anonymous traffic → better retargeting, higher paid ROI, clearer pipeline attribution)
Copy Format
- Short, plain‑text, mobile‑friendly; one clear CTA
- Clay‑verified context only; no over‑specific claims
Testing
- Subject lines, first lines, and CTAs by persona
- Winner criteria focused on positive replies/meetings, not opens
The Results
- Clay → Smartlead sync fully automated with governance and observability
- Personalized outreach at scale without sacrificing deliverability
- Up to 1,000 emails/day with safe sending and reliable routing of positives
- Reply rate improved to 2% with persona‑specific messaging
Before (Manual/Ad‑hoc) | After (Automated & Governed) |
---|---|
CSV imports and field drift | n8n mapping and validation at the edge |
Duplicates and bad targets | Dedup + suppressions + safety checks |
Generic, one‑size‑fits‑all | AI‑assisted persona templates by segment |
Missed replies and OOOs | Webhook routing and automated reschedules |
Performance & Reliability
- Volume: up to 1,000 emails/day across rotating inboxes
- Deliverability safeguards: SPF/DKIM/DMARC on sending domains/subdomains; gradual warmup and daily caps
- Governance: idempotent keys (Clay row ID + email), retries with backoff, global suppressions
- Monitoring: Supabase run logs; daily performance digest; error alerts
- Hosting: self‑hosted n8n on VPS; credentials stored in n8n; least‑privilege access
Compliance & Brand
- U.S. compliance: clear sender identity, physical address, functional opt‑out (CAN‑SPAM)
- Honor unsubscribes and data subject requests; no sending to suppressed domains
- Minimal data retained in Supabase; access scoped and rotated
Deliverables
- n8n workflows (JSON) for Clay intake, Smartlead sync, and reply routing
- Field mapping and data dictionary (Clay → Smartlead)
- AI‑assisted persona template library + testing plan
- Supabase schema for leads, suppressions, and logs
- SOPs, Loom walkthroughs, and a tuning playbook
Tech Stack
- Orchestration: n8n (self‑hosted)
- Prospecting/Enrichment: Clay
- Sending: Smartlead (multi‑mailbox rotation, webhooks)
- Data/Logs: Supabase
- Alerts: Email/Slack
- DNS: SPF, DKIM, DMARC for sending domains/subdomains
Like These Results?
Let’s connect Clay and Smartlead the right way—clean data in, safe sending out, and persona‑driven copy that gets replies.
Share your stack and goals. I’ll send a quick build plan and timeline.